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The Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund (AALDEF) is a New York-based national organization founded in 1974 that protects and promotes the civil rights of Asian Americans. By combining litigation, advocacy, education, and organizing, AALDEF works with Asian American communities across the country to secure human rights for all. ==History== In 1974, a small group of lawyers, activists and students in Lower Manhattan came together to create a new organization focused on the legal needs of the Asian American community. AALDEF was the first nonprofit organization on the East Coast to focus specifically on defending the civil rights of the Asian American community. The 1970s Some early AALDEF advocacy efforts included: calling for the hiring of Chinese American construction workers at Confucius Plaza in Manhattan's Chinatown and mounting a campaign to stop the deportation of Filipino doctors, who had been recruited to fill the shortage of medical personnel in the United States. AALDEF volunteer attorneys represented Chinese Americans arrested in a protest against police brutality in Manhattan's Chinatown and joined a rally to support an innocent bystander, Peter Yew, who was beaten by police after complaining about their mishandling of a minor traffic incident. In 1977, AALDEF organized free legal advice clinics at Hamilton-Madison House, Korean Senior Citizens Society, and other community agencies in New York City. In an early affirmative action case, AALDEF intervened on behalf of the Asian American Law Students Association in ''Doherty v. Rutgers Law School'', defending the inclusion of Asian Americans in minority admissions programs in a lawsuit brought by rejected white law school applicant. AALDEF also filed an ''amicus'' brief in the U.S. Supreme Court in ''Fullilove v. Kreps'', supporting the public works set-aside provision of minority businesses, including Asian American enterprises. The 1980s Economic justice was a primary focus in the 1980s. AALDEF represented the Chinese immigrant waiters at Silver Palace restaurant in Manhattan's Chinatown. The workers, who were fired for protesting against the employer who stole their tips, later formed the first independent Chinatown restaurant workers' union in the nation. At the first-ever rally of 15,000 Chinese garment workers at New York Chinatown's Columbus Park, who went on strike for a new Local 23-25 ILGWU union contract, AALDEF was the only community organization invited to speak at this rally because it took a clear stand in support of the labor rights of low-wage immigrant workers. AALDEF also filed amicus briefs in the U.S. Supreme Court supporting the rights of undocumented immigrants to receive a public education (''Plyler v. Doe'') and to organize under the National Labor Relations Act (''Sure-Tan v. NLRB''). AALDEF was active in two national campaigns generating broad pan-Asian American support across the country. The first involved a demand for the federal civil rights prosecution of the murderers of Vincent Chin, the Chinese American engineer beaten to death by two unemployed auto workers in Detroit. The second was the movement for redress for Japanese Americans, who were incarcerated during World War II solely because of their race and national origin. AALDEF testified in support of Japanese American redress before the U.S. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, which led to the passage of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988. Civil rights hero Fred Korematsu made his first public appearance in New York City for AALDEF's 10th anniversary celebration at Lincoln Center, featuring the East Coast premiere of Steven Okazaki's film,'' Unfinished Business'', about the Japanese American redress movement.〔David Margolick, (Legal Legend Urges Victims to Speak Out ), New York Times, Nov. 24, 1984.〕 On a local level, AALDEF represented Dr. Kaushal Sharan, one of several South Asians attacked in Jersey City by a hate group named the "dotbusters." Although federal civil rights charges against his assailants were dropped,〔(Civil Rights Charges Dropped in Beating of Asian Indian Physician ), New York Times, June 19, 1993.〕 AALDEF then worked to secure passage of a hate crimes law in New Jersey and testified before the U.S. House Judiciary Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights about the rise in anti-Asian violence. AALDEF participated in the formation of the Coalition Against Anti-Asian Violence (now called CAAAV: Organizing Asian Communities), which organized the first educational forum in New York City on hate violence against Asian Americans. As to housing and environmental justice, AALDEF launched a fight against gentrification and the displacement of low-income immigrant tenants in Manhattan's Chinatown. AALDEF organized the first Chinatown housing fair in New York City, designed to educate residents about rent control and other rent regulation laws and the prohibitions against tenant harassment. In ''Jin v. Board of Estimate,'' AALDEF filed an ''amicus'' brief in NY state court, arguing that English-language notices of zoning changes violated the due process rights of Chinese-speaking tenants. This favorable decision was later reversed on appeal. AALDEF then litigated ''Chinese Staff and Workers' Association v. City of New York,'' and won a landmark New York Court of Appeals case . The state's high court ruled for the first time that new residential developments that may displace low-income tenants and small businesses are subject to environmental review.〔Jeffrey Schmalz, (Appeals Court Bars Chinatown Building Till Effect is Studied ), New York Times, Nov. 19, 1986.〕 This decision blocked the construction of a proposed high-rise luxury condominium tower in Chinatown until an environmental assessment statement was prepared. In 1985, the North Star Fund presented AALDEF with the Frederick Douglass Award for "outstanding contributions to the struggle for political, social and economic justice." The 1990s In 1993, when the Golden Venture freighter ran aground in Far Rockaway, Queens, AALDEF was among the first legal groups to gain access to the Varick Street detention center where hundreds of Chinese nationals were being held.〔Steven Lee Myers, (), New York Times, June 11, 1993.〕AALDEF later represented Chinese immigrants seeking political asylum.〔Seth Faison (7 Bodies of Asian Immigrants Unidentified After 3 Weeks ), New York Times, June 26, 1993.〕 In 1990, AALDEF supported Actors' Equity Association to protect the casting of a white British actor in a lead Asian role in the Broadway musical, ''Miss Saigon."〔Mervyn Rothstein, () Equity Will Reconsider 'Miss Saigon' Decision], New York Times Aug. 10, 1990.〕AALDEF worked with the New York City Human Rights Commission to organize hearings on the discriminatory hiring practices of Broadway theater producers. In 1992, AALDEF was the only Asian American group invited to testify before the U.S. House Judiciary Committee on expanding minority language assistance under the Voting Rights Act, affecting 200,000 Asian Americans nationwide. AALDEF led the advocacy efforts to secure the first fully translated Chinese-language voting machine ballots in New York City under the Voting Rights Act in 1994.〔Ashley Dunn, (Bilingual Ballot Law Fails to Help Chinese American Voters ), New York Times, Aug. 14, 1994.〕Despite initial opposition by the NYC Board of Elections, the Board changed its position after receiving a letter from the U.S. Department of Justice denying preclearance of its language assistance program under the Voting Rights Act.〔Ashley Dunn, (Board Agrees on Ballots in Chinese ), New York Times, Aug. 25, 1994.〕 The 2000s After 9/11/01 AALDEF, located just eight blocks from the World Trade Center, convened a series of emergency meetings with Chinatown and Lower Manhattan advocates to begin the rebuilding process and address the environmental health, housing, and employment problems of displaced residents and workers. As part of the Beyond Ground Zero Network, AALDEF helped to establish a free clinic at Bellevue Hospital to provide treatment for residents and workers with 9/11-related health problems. AALDEF also defended the rights of South Asians, Arabs, Jews, Iranians, and Muslims who were detained without any criminal charges or evidence of wrongdoing. AALDEF challenged the unfair enforcement of post-9/11 immigration laws and counseled hundreds of immigrants facing deportation at legal clinics. In 2005, AALDEF launched its Anti-Trafficking Initiative to provide legal assistance to Asian women and girls who are survivors of human trafficking. In a 2009 case, AALDEF represented a Filipino woman who sued her employer, a consular official, when she was forced to work as a domestic worker for $100 per month and prevented from leaving the residence.〔Kirk Semple, (Nurse Claims Employer Enslaved Her ), New York Times, July 10, 2008.〕She overcame her employer's defense of diplomatic immunity to her claims of human trafficking, involuntary servitude, and forced labor,〔http://www.leagle.com/decision/2009782627mfsupp2d155_1770 ''Baoanan v. Baja''〕and the case was resolved. With respect to educational equity, AALDEF filed several civil rights complaints on behalf of Asian immigrant students subjected to racial violence and harassment at Lafayette high School 〔Liz Willen, (Lafayette lessons: Attacks on Asian students mirror experience at Brooklyn school ), The Hechinger Report, Apr. 8, 2010.〕and at South Philadelphia High School.〔Jeff Gammage and Kristen A. Graham, (Feds find merit in Asian students' claims against Philly school ), Philadelphia Inquirer, Aug. 28, 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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